The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the fore concerns about shortages of medical goods, including vaccines, and about the risks associated with competition for supplies. The report's findings have implications for national development policies, for deliberations on implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, for the financing of FDI, and for the negotiation on investment accords. The report contends that if multinational enterprises are to play a greater role then policy needs to be reset to restore the commercial viability of FDI. Moreover, the report shows that since 2015 government policies have become less conducive to FDI, a finding not confined to any one group of host nations. The 27th Global Trade Alert report shows that these demands are being made when financial returns on FDI in all but one emerging market region are barely above those earned in safer industrial country markets. This comes at a time when governments and civil society are demanding that international business play a greater role in addressing pressing global challenges, such as advancing sustainable development and the transition to a low carbon economy. The reality is that FDI was in trouble long before. Sharp reductions in FDI inflows have occurred since the onset of the pandemic. While the logic of those exceptions is to prevent multilateral trade obligations impeding public health responses, the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that these flawed rules on exceptions have attenuated the contribution of cross-border trade to pandemic response, in particular in those developing countries that source much medical goods from abroad. These findings challenge the assumption that existing multilateral rules effectively regulate the crisis-era application of general exceptions to non-discrimination norms for goods trade. However, another group of nations have removed COVID-19 trade restrictions very slowly, if they removed them at all. Some other governments quickly reversed export restrictions once their adverse side effects became evident.
Some nations mustered effective public health responses early in the pandemic without resorting to trade restrictions. The pooled replicates file contains 128 half sample indicators needed to calculate standard errors using balanced repeated replication (BRR) method either for a single year analysis or a pooled analysis of multiple years of MEPS data.ĭocumentation for the 1996 Nursing Home Component data files.Drawing upon the findings of several trade policy surveillance initiatives, an account is presented here of government resort to trade restrictions and reforms affecting medical goods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pooled linkage file contains the standardized variance strata and PSU variables for a pooled analysis of multiple years of MEPS data. Pooled Linkage Variance Structure and BRR Files Linkage information for the employers of Household Component jobholders who are contacted through the Insurance Component. Household Component/Insurance Component Link files NHEA-Aligned MEPS Projected Expenditure Data Filesĭata from the 2002 MEPS aligned with the 2002 National Health Expenditure Accounts and projected annually through 2016. Household Component National Health Interview Survey Link filesĬross-walk files that allow merging of Household Component files and NHIS files. Data are only available for 2019 and earlier. Please note that production of these files has been discontinued. Including the condition-event linkage file (CLNK) and PMED-event linkage file (RXLK).ĭata for the beginning of the year providing early glimpses of what full-year estimates will likely be. Office-Based Medical Provider Visits files Health Insurance Plan Abstraction file (1996)ĭata for the calendar year on unique household-reported medical events. Preventive Care Self-Administered Questionnaire file (2014)
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Click link for full list of file types in category.Įxpenditure and utilization data for the calendar year from several rounds of data collection.įull-Year Population Characteristics filesįull-Year Medical Organizations Survey files ĭata file types to include in search (check all that apply). How file variables were edited, as well as survey sampling information and crosswalks from variables to the survey instruments.Ĭontain a list of variables, their labels, and unweighted andįor SAS, Stata, and R exercises presented in the latest MEPS workshops, please visit the MEPS repository on AHRQ's GitHub page.
Download Data Files, Documentation, and CodebooksĬontains technical and programming information on how the data were collected and